Every now and then an idea comes along that revolutionizes an entire industry. Today we call that “disruption.”
But disruption can happen on a number of levels. Sometimes it can be so subtle it takes years or even decades to be fully recognized for what it is.
It doesn’t always have to be groundbreaking, either – often it’s simply a tweak or a re-think of an existing idea that just… opens the floodgates.
That’s exactly what happened to the world of resource financing in the early 1980s, when the royalty business model, then commonplace in oil and gas, was applied to the gold mining sector.
A brand-new, high-profit investment was born.
Today, royalty/streaming companies thrive, and so do their investors.
It’s an investing segment no investor can ignore – especially now, at the start of a secular gold bull.
Over the next few years, royalty/streamers will be generating fortunes for those shrewd enough to claim a stake right now.
This is the perfect time to pick up shares in the leader I’ve got in mind…
How This Brilliant Idea Works
In 1983, Seymour Schulich and Pierre Lassonde founded Franco-Nevada Corp. (NYSE: FNV). They chose high-quality assets – mainly in Canada, the United States, and Australia.
Then, in 1985, they acquired the Goldstrike mine royalty, and that marked the start of their focus on royalties.
The company was eventually sold to Newmont Mining Corp. (NYSE: NEM) for $2.5 billion, after generating more than 30% annually for investors since 1983, dwarfing stock market returns.
Those are tremendous, outsized gains that stem from a highly efficient business model coupled with great management.
But it all starts with the royalties themselves. So let’s look at what they are exactly.
In the context of mining, a royalty can be described as a right to receive payment for a percentage of a mineral to be produced from a mining operation.
There are at least six different types, but the most common is the net smelter return (NSR) royalty.
With the NSR, a specific percentage of the gross revenue from mining is paid to the royalty holder after a proportionate share of refining, smelting, transport, and insurance costs have been deducted.
A twist on the royalty is the “stream.” A metal stream is an agreement whereby an upfront deposit is made in exchange for the right to purchase some or all of the future precious metals produced by a mine at a determined price. This is usually at a substantial discount to the market price.
Now consider that most metal-bearing deposits are what’s called “polymetallic.” That is, they hold more than one metal mixed in with the ore.
For example, gold is often found with silver or copper. And silver is often found with lead and zinc.
Now, usually one of these metals, like gold or silver, is in much smaller concentrations than the others. By selling off that future production for an upfront, often sizeable cash payment, the miner can use those funds to pay for the development of their mine and concentrate on their main product.
Essentially, the agreement allows both parties to “unlock” the value in the precious metals.
That’s a great win for the miner, but here’s the beauty of this business model for the royalty company: Once the upfront cash payment has been made, there is no further responsibility toward funding exploration, advancement, permitting, construction, or expansion costs.
Also, such agreements will often provide for “optionality,” which means the royalty company stands to benefit from all the upside of payments for the life of the mine (often longer than initially planned) as well as exploration discoveries, which can add substantially to future output.
In fact, both of these benefits could mean exponentially more cash flow – without so much as an extra dime in additional costs.
What’s more, royalties and streams are typically attached to the properties or metals themselves, not the company operating the mine or exploring. If that company goes bust, the claim on those assets remains intact.
Royalty companies tend to be relatively lean operations. They do require a team of experts to evaluate projects, develop financing arrangements with miners, and manage the company. But the very nature of the business model means massive cash flow.
As I said back in April, Franco-Nevada generates $20 million in revenue per employee, while Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (NYSE: GS) earns just $1 million. That’s 20:1 outperformance, if you’re keeping count.
The First Is Still the Best (and My Favorite)
On a precious metals investment continuum, I’d place royalty companies somewhere between owning physical gold and investing in gold miners.
They’re an indispensable component of a holistic, maximum-profit, full-protection gold strategy.
So my favorite pick in the space right now is none other than Franco-Nevada.
Aside from being the innovator that opened the streaming/royalty “floodgates,” it’s a $13 billion leader in the royalty sector.
Franco-Nevada boasts 376 assets, of which 50 produce minerals, 36 are advancing toward mineral production, 208 are mineral exploration, 57 produce oil and gas, and 25 are oil and gas exploration.
Its revenue sources in Q1 2018 are 68% gold, 14% silver, 11% oil and gas, 5% platinum group metals, and 2% other. Geographically, revenue is 18% from the United States, 18% from Canada, 45% from Latin America, and 19% from the rest of the world.
The following chart shows Franco-Nevada’s dramatic outperformance of both gold and the S&P/TSX Global Gold Index between December 2007 and December 2017.
That’s an 18% compounded annual return since inception (December 2007 – more on that in a second), versus 5% for gold bullion, through what was a difficult, multi-year bear market for gold.
Now, I mentioned the company was founded in 1983, then sold to Newmont. Well, the company was carved back out of Newmont to IPO in 2007.
Between 2007 and its 10-year anniversary last December, Franco-Nevada’s gold reserves doubled on the same assets at no cost. And there’s plenty of near- and long-term organic portfolio growth ahead.
Topping things off, Franco-Nevada yields a respectable 1.3% dividend at its current price.
The bottom line is this: The royalty model is extremely attractive – irresistible, arguably – because it’s a safer and more diversified option to invest in the precious metals space than gold miners.
By selectively financing many early stage projects, royalty companies are subject to much lower risks while benefiting from very low costs and potentially unlimited upside.
And, as you’ll see when you take a position, the benefits to investors are impressive as well.
— Peter Krauth
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Source: Money Morning