We all know that certain bad habits are hazardous to your health.
What you might not know is that cognitive biases – irrational tendencies built into the brain – can be hazardous to your wealth. One of the most dangerous of these is “confirmation bias.”
That’s the bad news.
The good news is, you can beat confirmation bias – or at least safeguard against it – by always taking one simple step.
Let’s begin…
What is confirmation bias? Roughly speaking, it’s a habit of only seeking evidence that “confirms” a favored point of view.
Simply put, the human brain wants to reinforce the views it already believes in. If emotion is involved, the tendency gets even stronger.
And the whole process works at the subconscious level. It is possible to be wholly in the grip of confirmation bias – even though it “feels” like you are being 100% rational. In fact, the smarter you are, the more vulnerable you are to confirmation bias as a rule… because smart people are better at rationalizing after-the-fact justifications for their beliefs.
This explains why confirmation bias is so dangerous for investors.
When it comes to investing, nobody is right all the time. A wise investor must sometimes say, “I was wrong.”
But if you become emotionally attached to your initial investment, point of view, or both, confirmation bias can lock in that sense of attachment.
Confirmation bias can make it hard to sell your losing investments. It can also lead to missed opportunities… For example, an investor might miss a multiyear bull trend in an industry or sector because he refuses to change his initial bearish point of view.
When a famous investor gets on a bad path and loses billions on an investment – which happens more often than you might think – some version of confirmation bias is usually involved.
This tendency was discovered almost 60 years ago by a cognitive psychologist named Peter Cathcart Wason at University College London.
One of his most famous experiments not only underscores the presence of confirmation bias… It shows how you can beat it, or at least safeguard against it.
The experiment, carried out in 1960, was known as the “2-4-6” task. It worked like this:
- The subjects were shown a set of three numbers: 2-4-6.
- The subjects were told a certain rule determines the sequence.
- The subjects were asked to try and figure out what the rule was.
The majority of subjects thought the pattern was a rise of even numbers.
They would offer guesses like “8-10-12” and “14-16-18”. The experimenter would say “correct” multiple times. Then, the subjects would guess the rule with absolute confidence.
But they were wrong. The actual rule was “three rising numbers in sequence.” It could have been any three numbers… A guess of 3-47-104 would have worked just as well.
The funny thing here is, the experimenter did not give out penalties for wrong guesses. The subjects could have challenged their own hunches at any point just by trying something different.
But again, most people didn’t do that. They got an early hunch, and it solidified – because they never attempted to disconfirm their original views.
Not only that, but the experiment shows how difficult – and how simple – it is to break out of confirmation bias…
You could try the “rising by two” sequence 50 times or 500 times, and it wouldn’t change your results. The experimenter would say “yes, that fits the rule” every time. And your final guess at the rule would still be wrong.
This brings us to the five-word recipe for beating confirmation bias: Seek to disconfirm your hypothesis.
Confirmation bias is wired into all human brains. The way to fight back against it is to do something counterintuitive: Make a regular habit of playing devil’s advocate with yourself.
Ask yourself: “What could make me wrong?” or “How can I see this differently?”
It is not at all a normal habit to question one’s own assumptions – to take the time and effort to challenge your own point of view. The brain is not built that way.
But the strangeness of this idea helps explain why it can be so useful to investors. To beat the cognitive biases that are hardwired into the brain, we have to engage in activities that sometimes feel uncomfortable.
When natural ways of thinking lead to irrational results, we can use higher order cognitive tools to adjust the image… and bring rationality back into the picture.
In other words, you can develop a “counter habit” to the dangerous habit of confirmation bias.
Practice asking yourself these questions to test your thesis… before you make an investment decision. I promise, it will be hugely valuable over time.
Regards,
Dr. Richard Smith
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Source: Daily Wealth